Based on a study of naturalisation applications made by Algerian “natives” between 1865 and 1920, the article questions the meaning and stakes involved in obtaining French citizenship in a colonial situation for people who were by right already formally French. It also takes a look at colonial administrative practices, noting the criteria used by the general government departments in Algeria in selecting applicants who were “worthy” of the honour of becoming citizens. The motives of the rare Algerian applicants for naturalisation remain obscure, however.A partir de l'étude des dossiers de naturalisation déposés par les "indigènes" Algériens entre 1865 et 1920, cet article cherche à questionner la signification et les enjeux attachés, en sit...